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ISO
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These excerpts from ISO 690, Part 2 show the basic specifications for data elements and their prescribed order in bibliographic references to electronic documents. You are welcome to make links to this document but please do not copy or redistribute it from this Web site. This is a copyright document of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO uses the revenue from the sale of its standards to support its standardization work. The full text of this standard is available for purchase from ISO's member bodies. This International Standard was prepared by ISO Technical Committee (TC) 46, Subcommittee (SC) 9 which develops International Standards for the identification and description of information resources.
Contents of ISO 690-2Introduction 5: Outline of bibliographic references 5.1: Electronic monographs, databases and computer programs
5.2: Electronic serials
5.3: Electronic bulletin boards, discussion lists and electronic messages
6: General conventions
7: Specification of elements 7.1: Primary responsibility
7.2: Title
7.3: Type of medium 7.4: Subordinate responsibility
7.5: Edition
7.6: Issue designation for serials
7.7: Place of publication
7.8: Publisher
7.9: Dates
7.10: Series 7.11: Notes
7.12: Availability and access
7.13: Standard number 7.14: Component parts and contributions
8: Relationship between references and text citations Annex A: Bibliography Errata
[separate
page] Supplement: Additional examples [separate page] Supplement: Excerpt from ISO 690:1987 on citation methods [separate page]
Excerpts from ISO 690-2Information and documentation -- Bibliographic references -- Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof_________________________ 1: ScopeThis part of ISO 690 specifies the elements to be included in bibliographic references to electronic documents. It sets out a prescribed order for the elements of the reference and establishes conventions for the transcription and presentation of information derived from the source electronic document. This part of ISO 690 is intended for use by authors and editors in the compilation of references to electronic documents for inclusion in a bibliography, and in the formulation of citations within the text corresponding to the entries in that bibliography. It does not apply to full bibliographic descriptions as required by librarians, descriptive and analytic bibliographers, indexers, etc. ... some text omitted here .... 3: DefinitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard the following definitions apply: 3.1: author: Person or corporate body
responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a
document. [ISO 690:1987] 3.2: bulletin board: Computer system
in which information and messages concerning a given
topic or topics are made available for viewing by remote
users who access the system. 3.3: computer program: Schedule or
plan that specifies actions expressed in a form suitable
for execution by a computer. [ISO/TR
9544:1988] 3.4: contribution: Independent unit
forming part of a document. [adapted from ISO
690:1987] 3.5: database: Collection of data
objects stored together, in electronic form, according to
one schema and made accessible by computer. 3.6: discussion list: Discussion
group on a given topic or topics that takes place over a
computer network among subscribers to an electronic
mailing list and in which the contributions from
individual participants are sent automatically as
electronic messages to the entire list of
subscribers. 3.7: document: Recorded information
which can be treated as a unit in a documentation process
regardless of its physical form and characteristics.
[ISO 5127/1:1983] 3.8: edition: Whole set of copies of
a document whose data corresponds in all respects to a
single copy used as a master (see also: version). 3.9: electronic document: Document
existing in an electronic form to be accessed by computer
technology. 3.10: electronic message system:
System that transmits messages in electronic form over a
communications network of computers. 3.11: file: Organized collection of
data, usually comprising related records. 3.12: host document: Document
containing contributions or separately identifiable
component parts that are not physically or
bibliographically independent. [ISO 690:1987] 3.13: monograph: Non-serial
bibliographic item, i.e. an item either complete in one
part or complete (or intended to be completed) in a
finite number of separate parts. [ISO
690:1987] 3.14: publisher: Person or
organization responsible for the production and
dissemination of a document. [ISO
5127/3a:1981] 3.15: record: Group of data usually
treated as a unit; subset of a file. 3.16: serial: Publication, in any
medium, issued in successive parts, usually having
numeric or chronological designations, and intended to be
continued indefinitely. [Adapted from ISO
3297:1986] 3.17: title: Word or phrase, usually
appearing on the document, by which it is convenient to
refer to it, which may be used to identify it, and which
often (though not invariably) distinguishes it from any
other document. [ISO 690:1987] 3.18: version: Form of a document
which has been modified without changing the identity of
the document (see also: edition). 4: Sources of informationThe principal source of data contained in a reference is the item itself. The elements of the reference come from the electronic document itself or from accompanying documentation; in no case shall the reference require information that is not available from the source consulted. The data recorded in the reference shall refer to the specific copy of the document that was seen or used. For example, the data in a bibliographic reference to a document on the Internet shall reflect the title, dates, location information, etc. for the particular version that was seen and the particular network location from which that version was accessed. The preferred source of data within the item is the screen that displays the title or its equivalent (e.g., the initial screen display that follows sign-on or that carries the copyright notice). If the electronic document lacks such a screen, the necessary data may be taken from an alternative source, such as accompanying documentation or the container. 5: Outline of bibliographic referencesThe outlines that follow are designed to identify the constituent elements of bibliographic references to electronic documents and to establish a standard order or sequence for the presentation of those elements. The outlines cover references to databases, computer programs, electronic monographs, serials, bulletin boards and other electronic message systems, and parts of or contributions thereto. The same general framework applies to all these documents but those that have characteristics which are peculiar to their form of publication are dealt with in separate sections. Required and optional bibliographic elements are indicated as such in parentheses following the name of the element. Elements are required only if they are applicable to the item being cited and the information is readily available from the document itself or its accompanying material. It is recommended that elements listed as optional should also be included in the reference if the information is readily available. Specifications relating to each of the elements listed in these outlines are given in clause 7. 5.1: Electronic monographs, databases and computer programs5.1.1: Entire documentInclude the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional examples)
5.1.2: Parts of electronic monographs, databases or computer programsIn general, parts are dependent portions of a document which require the context supplied by the host document. If the item being referenced can be treated as an independent unit without loss of meaning, it should be referenced as a contribution (see clause 5.1.3). Include the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional examples)
5.1.3: Contributions to electronic monographs, databases or computer programsInclude the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional examples)
5.2: Electronic serials5.2.1: Entire serialInclude the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
EXAMPLES
5.2.2: Articles and other contributionsInclude the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
EXAMPLES
5.3: Electronic bulletin boards, discussion lists and electronic messages5.3.1: Entire message systemInclude the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional examples)
5.3.2: Electronic messagesInclude the following data elements, when available, in the order shown below:
EXAMPLE
... some text omitted here .... 7.3: Type of mediumThe type of electronic medium shall be given in square
brackets after the title. The following words or their
equivalent should be used: If desired, the type of publication (e.g. monograph, serial, database, computer program) may also be specified in the type of medium designator. EXAMPLES: ... some text omitted here .... 7.6: Issue designation for serials7.6.1: PresentationFor electronic serials the issue designation shall be as complete as possible. It shall include the chronological designation (month, year, etc.) and numbering (volume number, issue number, etc.) given in the source. 7.6.2: Designation of the first issue onlyIf the reference is to the whole of an electronic serial that has not ceased, the chronological designation and/or numbering of the first issue only shall be recorded, followed by a hyphen and one space, e.g. "January 1995- , vol. 1, no. 1- ." If the beginning date is not found on the opening screen(s) of the electronic serial or in the accompanying documentation, the date of the earliest entry in the serial should be used, if known. 7.6.3: Designation of a complete or partial runIn a reference identifying either a complete or partial run of an electronic serial, the chronological designation and/or numbering of the first and last issues shall be recorded. If the beginning and ending dates are not found on the opening screen(s) of the electronic serial or in the accompanying documentation, the dates of the earliest and latest entries in the serial should be used, if known. ... some text omitted here .... 7.7.3: Place of publication unknownIf no place of publication is found on the electronic document or on accompanying material but it can be reasonably inferred, the place name shall be given in square brackets. If no place of publication can be ascertained, a phrase such as "place of publication unknown", "sine loco" or an equivalent abbreviation (e.g. "s.l.") should be recorded in lieu of a place name. For online documents that are accessed by means of a computer network, the place of publication element may be omitted if it can not be determined from other information in the source. In these cases, however, the network location of the document shall be given (see clause 7.12.1). ... some text omitted here .... 7.8.3: Publisher unknownIf no publisher's name is given in the source, a phrase such as "publisher unknown" or an equivalent abbreviation (e.g. "s.n.") should be recorded in lieu of a name. For online documents that are made available by means of a computer network, the publisher element may be omitted if it can not be determined from other information in the source. In these cases, however, the network address from which the specific document was accessed shall be given (see clause 7.12.1). 7.9: Dates7.9.1: PresentationIf it is deemed necessary because of the frequency of updates or revisions to an electronic document, the dates of publication, update, revision or citation may include the day, month, year, and time of day (e.g. 18 February 1997; 14:04:28 EST). Years shall be transcribed in arabic numerals. Dates that are transcribed completely in numeric form shall be in accordance with ISO 8601 (e.g. 1997-01-20). 7.9.2: Electronic documents spanning more than one dateIf an electronic document spans more than one date and is complete, such as a database to which no records are being added or an online serial that is no longer being published, the beginning and ending dates should be given (e.g. "September 1975-August 1984"). If the beginning and ending dates are not found on the opening screen(s) of the document or in its documentation, the dates of the earliest and latest entries in the document should be used, if known. If an electronic document spans more than one year and is not yet complete, such as a database that is still being updated or an active serial, the beginning date of the document shall be given followed by a hyphen and one space, e.g. "June 1991- ". If the beginning date is not found on the opening screen(s) of the document or in its documentation, the date of the earliest entry in the document should be used, if known. 7.9.2.2: Date of publication unknownIf the date of publication cannot be determined from the source, the date of copyright shall be recorded in its place. If no date of copyright is available and there are no other reliable indications of the date of publication for the electronic document, the phrase "date unknown" or its equivalent shall be recorded in lieu of a date. Optionally, for online documents that span more than one date (e.g. an entire database, electronic bulletin board or other electronic message system), the date of publication element may be omitted if it can not be determined from the source. In such cases, a date of citation shall be supplied in square brackets (see 7.9.4). 7.9.3: Date of Update/RevisionElectronic documents may be frequently updated or revised between editions or versions. Even when a document is closed to the addition of new records, it may still be updated for error correction or other maintenance. Where applicable, the date of the update or revision being cited shall be given after the date of publication using the terms given in the source (e.g. "updated January 1997" or "rev. 1 March 1997"). 7.9.4: Date of citationThe date on which the electronic document was actually seen shall be given in square brackets for documents which may be subject to changes (e.g. online documents) or when no other reliable date can be found in the source or the documentation. The date of citation shall be preceded by the word "cited" or an equivalent term. EXAMPLES ... some text omitted here .... 7.11: Notes7.11.1: Physical descriptionInformation that describes the format of the document or the number and type of physical pieces associated with the electronic document should be given as a note. EXAMPLES
7.11.2: Accompanying materialInformation about any items accompanying the electronic document, such as user manuals or audiocassettes, may be recorded in a note. This information shall be preceded by the words "Accompanied by" or an equivalent phrase. 7.11.3: System requirementsInformation concerning system requirements should be recorded in a note. System requirements include the specific make and model of computer on which the document is designed to run; the amount of memory required; the name of the operating system and its version; the software requirements; and the kind and characteristics of any required or recommended peripherals. The wording supplied by the electronic document or its documentation should be used. To reduce ambiguity, it is suggested that the words "System requirements:" or an equivalent phrase precede this information. EXAMPLE System requirements: IBM PC or compatible; MPC Standard CD-ROM drive; DOS 3.30 or higher; 490 kB RAM; MS-DOS Extensions 2.1 or higher. 7.11.4: Frequency of publicationIf an electronic document, such as a database, is still being updated, the frequency with which it is updated should be given in a note, e.g. "Updated weekly"; "Reloaded annually"; "Continually updated"; "Quarterly". ... some text omitted here .... 7.12: Availability and access7.12.1: Online documentsInformation for identifying and locating the source of the document cited shall be provided for online documents. This information should be identified by the words "Available from" or an equivalent phrase. The location information for online documents within a computer network such as the Internet shall refer to the copy of the document that was actually seen and should include the method of access to the document (e.g. FTP) as well as the network address for its location. The elements of location information (e.g. address of the host computer, directory name, file name) shall be transcribed with the same punctuation, upper case and lower case letters as given in the source. EXAMPLES
7.12.2: Other availability informationInformation on any other locations or forms of the document may also be given. This information should be clearly separated from information that refers to the location of the actual document cited and should be preceded by the words "Also available" or an appropriate equivalent phrase. EXAMPLE Also available in HTML version from: <http://info.lib.uh.edu/pacsrev.html>. 7.13: Standard numberThe standard number, if any, assigned to the item being cited shall be recorded. The standard number shall be introduced by the appropriate identifier for the standard numbering system used (e.g. ISSN; ISBN). EXAMPLES 7.14: Component parts and contributions7.14.1: Parts of electronic documentsIn a reference to a part of an electronic document, which is not a separate contribution, the details unique to the part (e.g. chapter or part designation and title) and its numeration and location within the host document shall be placed after the bibliographic data for the work as a whole and preceding the notes, statement of availability and standard number, if applicable. 7.14.2: Contributions in electronic documentsIn a reference to a separate contribution in an electronic document, the details relating to the contribution (e.g. its author and title) shall precede the details referring to the host document as a whole, and shall be clearly distinguished from it by typography, punctuation or a word such as "In". The numeration and location of the contribution within the host document shall be placed after the bibliographic data for the host and preceding the notes, statement of availability and standard number, if applicable. 7.14.3: Numeration within host document or systemThe record number or other numbers assigned to a part or contribution as its identifier within the host document or system should be recorded when such numeration will remain constant each time the part or contribution is retrieved from the host. This number should be preceded by a descriptive phrase, such as "Record no.", "Item no.", "Accession no.", or an equivalent phrase appropriate to the document. 7.14.4: Location within host documentThe location of the part or contribution within the host document shall be given if the format of the document includes pagination or an equivalent internal referencing system. This specification of location should be designated in this order of preference: 1) page, screen, paragraph, or line number when these
features are fixed features of the part or contribution
or of the database (e.g. "pp. 5-21"; "lines
100-150)"; If the document does not include pagination or an equivalent internal referencing system, the extent of the item may be indicated in square brackets in terms such as the total number of lines, screens, etc. (e.g. "[35 lines]" or "[approx. 12 screens]"). ... some text omitted here ....
Annex A
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