Inada, K. (1995). A Buddhist response to the nature of
human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics
[Online], 2, 9 paragraphs. Available:
http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html [1995, June
21].
* When citing information retrieved on the World Wide Web, it
is not necessary to repeat the protocol (HTTP) after
"Available" since that is stated in the URL.
Magazine Articles
Basic forms, commercial supplier, and using an Internet
protocol:
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Magazine Title
[Type of medium], volume (if given), paging
or indicator of length. Available: Supplier/Database name
(Database identifier or number, if available)/Item or
accession number [Access date].
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Magazine Title
[Type of medium], volume (if given), paging
or indicator of length. Available Protocol (if applicable):
Site/Path/File [Access date].
Examples:
- Goodstein, C. (1991, September). Healers from the deep.
American Health [CD-ROM], 60-64. Available:
1994 SIRS/SIRS 1992 Life Science/Article 08A [1995, June
13].
- Viviano, F. (1995, May/June). The new Mafia order.
Mother Jones Magazine [Online], 72
paragraphs. Available:
http://www.mojones.com/MOTHER_JONES/MJ95/viviano.html
[1995, July 17].
* When citing information retrieved on the World Wide Web,
it is not necessary to repeat the protocol (HTTP) after
"Available" since that is stated in the URL.
Newspaper Articles
Basic forms, commercial supplier, and using an Internet
protocol:
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Newspaper Title
[Type of medium], paging or indicator of length.
Available: Supplier/Database name (Database identifier or
number, if available)/Item or accession number [Access
date].
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Newspaper Title
[Type of medium], paging or indicator of length.
Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File
[Access date].
Examples:
- Howell, V., & Carlton, B. (1993, August 29). Growing
up tough: New generation fights for its life: Inner-city
youths live by rule of vengeance. Birmingham News
[CD-ROM], p. 1A(10 pp.). Available: 1994 SIRS/SIRS
1993 Youth/Volume 4/Article 56A [1995, July 16].
- Johnson, T. (1994, December 5). Indigenous people are
now more combative, organized. Miami Herald
[Online], p. 29SA(22 paragraphs).Available:
gopher://summit.fiu.edu/Miami Herald--Summit-Related
Articles/12/05/95--Indigenous People Now More Combative,
Organized [1995, July 16].
* This reference gives beginning page and the number of
paragraphs; this information is useful if one wishes to
refer to material in text references.
* When citing information retrieved on the World Wide Web,
it is not necessary to repeat the protocol (HTTP) after
"Available" since that is stated in the URL.
Discussion List Messages
Basic forms:
- Author. (Year, Month day). Subject of message.
Discussion List [Type of medium]. Available
E-mail: DISCUSSION LIST@e-mail address [Access
date].
- Author. (Year, Month day). Subject of message.
Discussion List [Type of medium]. Available
E-mail: LISTSERV@e-mail address/Get [Access
date].
Examples:
- RRECOME. (1995, April 1). Top ten rules of film
criticism. Discussions on All Forms of Cinema
[Online]. Available E-mail: CINEMA-L@american.edu
[1995, April 1].
* Author's login name, in uppercase, is given as the first
element.
Discussions on All Forms of Cinema [Online].
Available E-mail: LISTSERV@american.edu/Get cinema-l
log9504A [1995, August 1].
* Reference is obtained by searching the list's
archive.
Personal Electronic Communications (E-mail)
Basic forms:
- Sender (Sender's E-mail address). (Year, Month day).
Subject of Message. E-mail to recipient (Recipient's E-mail
address)
Examples:
- Day, Martha (MDAY@sage.uvm.edu). (1995, July 30). Review
of film -- Bad Lieutenant. E-mail to Xia Li
(XLI@moose.uvm.edu).
Reference Citations in Text
The approach to documentation recommended by the American
Psychological Association is called the author-date system.
Citations in the text refer the reader to the "Reference List"
at the end of the book, chapter, article or paper. Below are a
few examples where the reader is guided to a specific
paragraph in the electronic document.
- Native peoples have little to lose by adopting these
practices (Johnson, 1994, paragraph 10).
- Viviano sees advantages in this line of defense (1995,
paragraph 3).
- Buddhist organizations have taken a somewhat different
approach ... (Inada, 1995, paragraph 2).
||Electronic
Sources: MLA Style of Citation||Publication
information||
Send E-mail to Nancy Crane
(ncrane@zoo.uvm.edu) for comments and suggestions.
University of Vermont.
Last update: October 29, 1997.